What is known as the universal solvent?

Water is known as the universal solvent because of its remarkable ability to dissolve a wide range of substances. This property is attributed to its molecular structure; water molecules are polar, meaning they have a slight positive charge on one side and a slight negative charge on the other. This polarity allows water to interact with various ions and molecules, effectively surrounding and separating them, which facilitates dissolution.

In esthetics and skincare, the solubility of ingredients in water is crucial for product formulation and efficacy. Many active ingredients in skincare products are designed to be soluble in water, which promotes better absorption into the skin. Understanding that water is the primary solvent used in cosmetics and personal care products helps estheticians select and recommend products that will be effective for their clients' skin types and conditions. Other options like bleach and witch hazel do not possess the same broad dissolving capabilities as water, and while emulsions are mixtures of two immiscible liquids, they are not solvents in the traditional sense.