What is the common term for hyperpigmentation caused by sun exposure?

Hyperpigmentation caused by sun exposure is commonly referred to as age spots. These spots, also known as solar lentigines, develop as a result of prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays, which stimulate the production of melanin in the skin. Over time, this can lead to clusters of pigmentation that often appear on sun-exposed areas such as the face, hands, and shoulders.

While freckles are small, light brown spots typically found on individuals with fair skin and are primarily genetic rather than directly caused by sun exposure, melasma refers to a specific type of hyperpigmentation often triggered by hormonal changes, such as during pregnancy or from birth control use, rather than solely from sun exposure. Athlete's foot is a fungal infection affecting the skin on the feet and is unrelated to hyperpigmentation. Thus, the best descriptor for hyperpigmentation from sun exposure is indeed age spots.